CNC Milling and Turning
CNC Milling machinery (also called machining centres) has been around since the early 1970′s and is used for the production of widgets and other tools. Most people working in the manufacturing environment will be aware of these large machines, as they can be found in small workplaces in rural areas to larger businesses in huge urban areas. They can be operated manually, mechanically automated or digitally automated via computer numerical control (program commands encoded on a storage medium).
A milling machine is capable of performing a vast amount of operations such as slot and keyway cutting, planning, diesinking, drilling, rebating, routing etc; some of these operations are very complex. In order to keep these machines lubricated cutting fluid is pumped to the cutting site, this also washes away the swarf (shavings and chippings of metal).
There are two types of milling machines, vertical and horizontal, which refers to the direction of the cutting tool spindle. They are classified according to the number of axes that they have. Axes are categorised as x and y for horizontal movement, and z for vertical movement.
CNC Milling is controlled by a central computer and is can be operated 24 hours a day, 365 days a year continuously. Less skilled/trained people can operate these machines cutting the cost of higher skilled workers such as Engineers which were needed to operate the old Lathe machines. These machines also benefit from accurate and precise and consistent control. Another advantage with these machines is the fact that human error is eliminated due to the operation via a central computer.
For a more comprehensive look at CNC Milling or take a look at Denis Ferranti Machining website a full service engineering subcontractor with over 50 years experience in high precision cnc machining & & precision engineering.
Categories: cnc operator Tags: Milling, Turning
Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
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Home Page > Business > Industrial > Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
Posted: Jul 13, 2010 |Comments: 0
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Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
By: John Balentine
About the Author
Find Gap Electrodes and CNC Machine Shops at A-I-T.Com.
(ArticlesBase SC #2822069)
Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/ – Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
Lathe turning is a process in which a block of raw material is cut, knurled and deformed into an object. Lathes are used in metal working, glass working and wood turning etc. Lathe turning creates an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation. It is also used to make pottery. The best and well known object made by lathe turning is potter’s wheel. Objects that can be formed on a lathe are candlestick holders, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, musical instruments and many more.
Lathe machines are available in various categories of which the most commonly used are as under:
Woodworking lathes
Woodworking lathe is a very unique tool to produce wooden objects as in woodworking lathe the piece of wood spins instead of the tools. These lathes are found in a variety of shapes and sizes but the most commonly used are either small table top lathes or very large free standing lathes that are fastened to the floor. There are two types of woodworking lathes available.
Spindle turning: it is often used to create elongated objects such as table legs. To start the process of converting a piece of wood into a finished object the raw material is fixed from both the ends. The first side is attached at the headstock of the lathe where rotating spindle is attached and the second side is attached to the tail stock. The rotating spindle is then turned on with a motor or foot pedal which starts the rotation.
Faceplate turning: This type of lathes are used to produce objects like wooden bowls etc. In such lathes the raw material i.e. the piece of wood is attached to one faceplate and then it is further fixed to the spindle of the headstock of the woodworking lathe.
Metalworking lathes
While wood cutting lathes are used to shape wood pieces into usable products (finished or semi finished), metalworking ones are used for shaping metal pieces into desired objects of a variety of shapes. Hardened tools are used to shape metal as it is much harder and difficult to cut, shape and mould. These hardened tools are attached to a solid mounting, which is movable; this is then rubbed against the piece one is working on to give its shape. Tools come in variety of shapes like diamond, round, square and triangular. Some lathes are also worked under computerized machines in order to do mass production. Manual metalworking lathes are used for finer pieces with more work and individual needs.
Glass working lathes
Glass working lathes are quite the same in their design but different in the way they work. They rotate the piece slowly while working on it and the temperature also has to be controlled by having a continuous flame under the piece. Flame is needed to soften the glass while it is being worked on. The glass piece is held firmly from both sides and rotated simultaneously; then once shaped is cooled or perform glass blowing by blowing air into it.
In a diamond turner a computer controlled machine is used but it has a diamond tip as only a diamond can cut another diamond to be able to shape it.
Initially the varieties were very few but with the help of latest technologies you have been given a wide range of such as: cue lathes, metal spinning lathes, ornamental turning lathes, reducing lathes, rotary lathes and watchmaker’s lathes. These varieties help us to produce different kinds of products easily and do not even consume much time.
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Turning Balls on a Lathe
Lathe work is so fun and exciting! If you’re looking for a new woodworking project, consider turning some balls. It’s fun to do and you can thoroughly entertain your children with this project.
There are lots of things that you can do with turned balls. You can create decorative accents for vases, mobiles, a marble set for the kids, use them to create stems on handmade wineglasses, cabinet and drawer knobs, a working universe model, or create a handmade wine bottle stopper; the possibilities are really endless! Just use your imagination and think of all the crafty things you can do with wooden balls.
First you need to choose the type of wood that you will use. Basically, the harder the wood, the less indention you will see from the wood turning lathe attachment. The wood is held in place by a circular mechanism, so sometimes you will get a circular indention on one or both ends of the ball. Some lathe attachments don’t mark up the balls as much as others, but really it depends on the type of wood that you use.
Start off with a center mounted block of wood. Use a gouge tool to get started and skew chisel to turn your block into a smooth cylinder. Be especially careful with the skew chisel, as it is considered to be very dangerous. If this is your first time using one, go very slowly and wear protective clothing and face protection. Skew chisels can easily dig into the wood and spring from your hand. Review the proper techniques for using a skew chisel before you begin. Practice before you turn on the lathe. The skew chisel should be very sharp and produce a long thin ribbon of wood when you’re doing it correctly. You may have to attempt to create your cylinder several times until you really get the hang of the skew chisel.
Use a caliper to measure the diameter of the cylinder, making sure that it is the same all the way around. Then turn the caliper ninety degrees and mark the cylinder for the width of the ball making sure that it is exactly the same as the diameter. Measure for the center of the wood section that is to become your ball. Mark it with a pencil all the way around.
Measure half-way between the outside boundary marks and your center line. Use the pencil to mark this point so that the center of the cylinder is now divided into three sections. Use a gouge tool to cut from these new lines down to the boundaries, sloping out at forty-five degrees. Continue to work your way down so that the cylinder becomes more and more like a ball trapped between two blocks. You may need to remark your center line at this point.
Cut the ball loose and use a ball drive to hold the ball steady. Mount it with the center line vertical. Work your way around smoothing as you go. You can look for shadows to spot areas that aren’t perfectly round yet. Take the ball off, rotate it so that the center line is horizontal, and repeat the smoothing process. Use fine grit sandpaper, rotating the ball ninety degrees again and again until the ball is smooth.
This technique is used for making balls. You can use the cylinder technique to create cylinders, <a rel=”nofollow” onclick=”javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/outgoing/article_exit_link']);” href=”http://www.goodwoodinc.com/”title=”Dowel”>dowel</a> rods, or dowels of custom diameter. Remember to be safe!
About the Author: Dave Murphy is the founder and president of Good Wood, Inc. which manufactures wood products in Ohio. Good Wood, Inc. makes dowels and dowel rods, wooden balls, wood knobs, wooden toy parts, custom wood parts, and more. They offer safe wood finishing, wood turning and can import dowels from off-shore suppliers when necessary. Visit http://www.goodwoodinc.com for your wood product needs.
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VERTICAL TURRET LATHE TITAN – VTL – SC 27 Dimensions : Weight38850 Kg Length4,8 m Width4,8 m Height5 m :: Location : Romania :: Rotation speed : 1,24-112 rpm :: Max workpiece weight : 15000 kg :: Working height : 1900 mm :: Plate diameter : 2500 mm :: Description : Swing diam. vertical carriage 2630mm Swing diam. lateral carrriage 2600mm Max. cross trravel 1600mm Speed range 0,05-5mm/r Rapid feeds 2500mm/min Engine power 55Kw
Video Rating: 5 / 5
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The Turning Page ?the Turning Revolution?
Broaching On A cnc lathe
One operation seen on many turned parts today is broaching. Traditionally
broaching has been regarded as a secondary operation that was typically performed
on a broaching machine with special broaching tools. Depending on the industry,
much of this type of broaching is still being done in this manner. For instance, in the
automotive sector, almost all broaching is done by large expensive automatic
broaching machines with specially designed broaching tools that can produce the
broaching at very high speed and short cycles.
Of course the fact that they are doing over a million parts per year has much to do
with their method of manufacturing the parts. But today, even in the automotive
sector, the need for JIS and reduced inventory, can justify doing parts complete on a
single piece of equipment such as the multi-axis turn/mill center. With this
equipment, a new job can be easily modified and reconfigured for revision and
design changes. This is where flexibility wins out over speed.
Types Of Broaching.
There are a few different types of broaching that can be performed on the
#1. Single slot broaching on the inside or outside diameter of a part.
#2. Multiple shapes such as hexagons or squares.
#3. Timed broaching or broached slots that require an angular position to
another feature on the part.
#4. Free position broaching that does not require an angular position to
another feature n the part.
#5. Rotary Broaching
#6. Reciprocating Broaching
The type of broaching you need to do, will determine your tooling choice and
method.
ROTARY BROACHING
One of the easiest and fastest ways to produce a broached feature is Rotary
or Wobble broaching. Rotary broaching has been around for years in the screw
machine industry and is very effective, inexpensive and fast. It is used widely in the
manufacturing of plumbing parts such as valves and fittings and in the aerospace
and medical industries. When your parts require a single broached polygon that is
not related to another angular orientation or feature on the part such as a milled
flat or drilled hole, this is often a first choice.
A leading US company in the manufacture of Rotary broaching tools and
accessories is Slater Tool Company from Clinton Township, Michigan. They can be
found on the web at www.slatertools.com where they list a full complement of rotary
tool holders, tool bits, and detailed application documentation.
A simple example of this type of rotary broaching is the producing of an I.D.
hex on the end of a part. Let’s say it is a 5/8 hex in 12L14 steel. First thing is to
determine the max hole to drill, and then the size chamfer needed to make a good
acceptable hex. This can be determined by multiplying the hex size by 1.035 to
determine the largest pilot hole to be drilled.
Hex size .625 x 1.035 = .646 Pilot Drill = .625 to .646 diameter.
To determine an acceptable chamfering size, multiply the hex size by 1.1547
Hex size .625 x 1.1547 = .721
Next is necessary to determine the feed for the type of material and broaching tool.
For the 12L14 steel, according to Slater Tool’s web site, we should broach this at
1200 RPM with a feed of .006 i.p.r.
Here is a simple program example using the rotary broach tool programmed for a
Eurotech 735SLY.
O2007(ROTARY BROACH EX)
G0G40G80
N1G54T0101M64(.633 DRILL)
G0G99G97S3620X0Z.1M3M8
M58(LOAD MONITOR ON)
G1Z-.75F.016
M59(LOAD MONITOR OFF)
G0Z1.
M1
N2G54T0202M64(3.4 90 DEG. SPOT)
G0G99G97S635X0Z.1M3M8
G1Z-.3F.03
Z-.3605F.003
G4P100(DWELL)
G0Z3.
M1
N3G54T0303M64(5/8 ROTARY BROACH)
G0G99G97S1200X0Z.1M3M8
G1Z-.65F.006
G0Z.1
G28U0M5
M30
TOTAL PER TOOL
DRILL = 4.5 SEC. CHAMFER = 5 SEC. BROACH = 8.5 SEC.
TOTAL CYCLE TIME = 18 SEC.
NOTES AND TIPS FOR ROTARY BROACHING:
Special attention should be made to how well the tool is aligned in accordance with
the Rotary broach supplier. Miss-aligned tools will result in poor tool life and
surface finish.
This application is not suited for parts where other features such as milled flats,
slots or drilled hole patterns are related to the fixed position of the polygon
produced by the Rotary broach.
Coolants or oils are required to clear chips and reduce friction for better tool life
and surface finish.
SINGLE SLOT BROACHING
When single or multiple broach slots are required they can be done on the
cnc lathe using a single broaching tool either carbide or HSS. This type of
broaching requires the CNC to have C axis for spindle positioning and a spindle
brake to hold the spindle steady and firm while broaching. Multiple passes are
required and can be programmed easiest by using sub programming and/or macro
programming. Next we will examine both styles of programming to help determine
what best suits the programmer and the part.
Note that most broached slots should have a groove broach relief or go all the
way through the part. It is not recommended to use this broaching technique into a
blind hole or one without a groove relief. Another important item is to retract the
broaching tool completely from the broached slot before feeding or rapid traversing
back to the Z start position.
EXAMPLE: .250 broached slot through .500 deep from face.
Programmed for a Eurotech 735SLY.
Sub Program.
O1444(SUB FOR .25 WIDE BROACHED SLOT)
G0X[#103](#103= .002 RADIAL DEPTH OF A PASS)
G4P100(SMALL DWELL)
G1G98Z-.5F200.(FEED BACK .5 AT 200 INCH/MIN.)
G0X.6(CLEAR THE HOLE DIAMETER)
Z.2(RETURN TO STARTING Z)
#103=[#103+#102](UPDATE #103 TO EQUAL NEXT X VALUE FOR A PASS)
M99(REWIND)
Main Program
O1234(MAIN)
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
(SET COMMON VARIABLES FOR BROACHING)
#101=.624(BORE DIA. LESS .001 TO MAKE EVEN # OF PASSES)
#102=.004(X DEPTH OF A SINGLE PASS)
#103=#101+#102(BORE .624 + .004 = X VALUE FOR A PASS)
N5G54T0505M64M5(.250 wide broach)
M10(C AXIS ON)
G0X.624Z.2C0.M8
M70(SPINDLE BRAKE ON)
M98P331444(CALLS SUB PROGRAM 1444 TO REPEAT 33 TIMES)
M71(BRAKE OFF)
M11(C AXIS OFF)
G0X4.Z2.
M1
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
M30
NOTES AND TIPS FOR SINGLE BROACHING:
The 1st. pass is X.628 (.624+.004)
The 2nd pass is X.632 (.628+.004)
Etc.
Etc.
The 33rd pass is X.756 (.752+.004)
X.624 Start from X.756 End = .132
.132/.004=33 passes
Often a G4 (Dwell) or a greater Z start value is used before the beginning of each
pass to minimize any taper caused by Servo Lag.
Macro Variables #100 – #199 are not held in Macro Offsets when the machine is
powered off. If you want the macro values retained in the offsets when the machine
is powered off, use #500-#999
Estimated Time to complete this single broach = 12 sec.
If you need to make more of the same broach at different angular positions, your
main program would look like this……
O1234(MAIN)
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
(SET COMMON VARIABLES FOR BROACHING)
#101=.624(BORE DIA. LESS .001 TO MAKE EVEN # OF PASSES)
#102=.004(X DEPTH OF A SINGLE PASS)
#103=#101+#102(BORE .624 + .004 = X VALUE FOR A PASS)
N5G54T0505M64M5(.250 wide broach)
M10(C AXIS ON)
G0X.624Z.2C0.M8(INDEX TO 0 DEGREES)
M70(SPINDLE BRAKE ON)
M98P331444(CALLS SUB PROGRAM 1444 TO REPEAT 33 TIMES)
M71(BRAKE OFF)
G0C90.(INDEX T0 90 DEGREES)
M70(BRAKE ON)
M98P331444(CALLS SUB PROGRAM 1444 TO REPEAT 33 TIMES)
M71(BRAKE OFF)
G0C180.(INDEX TO 180 DEGREES)
M70(SPINDLE BRAKE ON)
M98P331444(CALLS SUB PROGRAM 1444 TO REPEAT 33 TIMES)
M71(BRAKE OFF)
G0C270.(INDEX T0 270 DEGREES)
M70(BRAKE ON)
M98P331444(CALLS SUB PROGRAM 1444 TO REPEAT 33 TIMES)
M71(BRAKE OFF)
M11(C AXIS OFF)
G0X4.Z2.
M1
XXXX
XXXX
XXXX
M30
BROACHING MACRO
Another alternative is to create a Macro program for your broaching requirements.
The advantage to creating a complete Macro program is you can use the one basic format
for most of your broaching needs. Below is one example of a broach Macro program used
for the same broached part from our previous sample.
Macro Variables –
#100 = Diameter of Bore to be Broached
#101 = End of Broach Slot Diameter
#102 = Broach Feed Rate
#103 = Starting Z
#104 = Ending Z
#105 = Amount of Dwell Before Cut
#106 = Depth of Cut Per Pass
#107 = Diameter to Clear Broach Slot
PROGRAM – 735SLY
N8 G54 T0808 M64 M5 (.250 WIDE BROACH)
#100=.624
#101=.756
#102= .200
#103= .200
#104= -.500
#105= .1
#106=.004
#107=.600
M10 (C AXIS ON)
G0 X#107 Z.5 C0 M8
M70 (BRAKE ON)
G0 Z=#103 (MOVE TO Z START)
WHILE[#101GT#100]DO1
G1G98X[#100+#106]F#102 (X VALUE FOR A PASS)
G4U#105 (DWELL)
9
Z#104 (ENDING Z)
G0 X#107 (CLEAR BROACH SLOT)
Z#103 (RETURN TO Z START)
#100=[#100+#106]
END1
#100=.624 (RESET VALUE)
G0Z.5 M71 (BRAKE OFF)
M11(C AXIS OFF)
X4. Z2.
M1(OPTIONAL STOP)
NOTES AND TIPS FOR BROACHING MACRO:
The WHILE and DO statements for this Macro program are recommended over the
use of a IF and GOTO statement. An IF statement requires a GOTO that searches
for the specific BLOCK number directed by the GOTO. Because of this block
search, the processing time is greater and would add to your broaching cycle time.
Example:
Instead of the WHILE and DO, we could have used the IF and GOTO.
IF[#101GT#100]GOTO555
This statement would send the machine to BLOCK N555 and repeat again until
#101 is equal to or less than #100.
The Macro program would need to be re-written with the IF statement located at
the completion of 1 broach pass.
RECIPRICATING BROACHING
High speed reciprocating broaching is becoming more and more popular and
is the first choice for anyone doing a large amount of production broaching on their
CNC equipment. Today’s high speed broaching units are mounted onto the turret
and use the live tool drive system to send the tool forward and back at faster stroke
speeds than can be achieved by the machine’s rapid traversing.
The primary benefits to this type of broaching are ….
?? Speed (reduced cycle times)
?? Increased Tool Life
?? Less machine wear or Slide Working
At stroke speeds of up to 700 strokes per minute, these units can produce
broached slots in a third of the normal single stroke fixed broach with better tool
life. Since the live tool drive system is driving the tool to reciprocate, the machine
slide stays fixed, providing added rigidity and less wear and tear on the machine as
a whole.
Larry Greenawalt from EurotechElite was an
experienced engineer who was in charged of the Eurotech’s engineering department.
Categories: CNC Jobs Tags: Page, Revolution, Turning
Leading CNC Machine Manufacturing Company
Jyoti CNC Automation Pvt. Ltd.
Dedicated to the development of technology through scientific excellence and innovations Jyoti CNC offers vide range of CNC Turning Center, cnc machining Center (3-4-5 Axes), CNC Horizontal Machining Center, Vertical Line CNC Machines, VTL’s etc.
Turning Center CNC Machines ranges from Simple Turning, Twin Spindle Turning and TurnMill Centre while the product range of Vertical Turning includes Inverted Turning Line series which is quite suitable for mass production. Jyoti CNC also offers Oval Turning Centers and Piston Oval Turning for production of Oval components with high precision.
Vertical Machining Centers has a vast range of CNC Machines which can broadly be categorized into 3 – Axis Machines, 5 – Axis Machines and 5 – Axis Linear Machines. Detailed sub-product lines for all Vertical Machining Centers are given below:
3 – Axis Machines:
C Frame Machines
Fixed Table Travelling Column machines: Small Footprint
Fixed Table Travelling Column machines: Big Footprint
o Double Column Machines
o High Speed Gantry Machines (Linear)
5 – Axis Machines:
High Speed Bridge Type Machines
High Speed Machines – (5 – Axis)
Double Column High Speed Machines
5 – Axis Linear Machines:
High Speed Gantry Type Machines
Double Column High Speed Machines
Horizontal Machining Centers have 4 – Axis HMC machines with different variants, marked as different series of CNC machines by Jyoti. Horizontal Machining Centers – 4 Axis HMC Series are CNC machines with high speed, precision and bulk production facility. Another variant in Horizontal Machining Centers is the HMC Series.
All these machines are designed in the State of Art in-house Computerized Design Department equipped with the latest Designing Soft-wares. The Machine Tool is manufactured in-house with the latest Machines right from preparing casting in foundry till final dispatch. Even many bought-out components used are outsourced from the best available manufacturers in the world.
Looking back in to the history and genesis of this Jyoti CNC depict that it is the brainchild of legendary Mr. P.G. Jadeja and Mr. S.L. Jadeja, who established Jyoti in 1989. Driven by a vision to build the company “A Temple of Technology” through teamwork, the company has grown many folds from manufacturing gear boxes for machines to developing precision all-geared head lathe machines.
Later on Jyoti has rightly identified Shift from conventional machines to highly sophisticated CNC machines in the presence of manufacturers.
Jyoti was the first company to manufacture CNC machines in Gujarat. CNC Turning Centers, Vertical Machining Centers, Oval Turning Center i-SECT and first Indian machines like VMC 40/70 Linear with innovative linear technology.
Jyoti was the first company to manufacture CNC machines in Gujarat. CNC Turning Centers, Vertical Machining Centers, Oval Turning Center i-SECT and first Indian machines like VMC 40/70 Linear with innovative linear technology.
Article from articlesbase.com
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Before you can sharpen a turning tool, the bevel angle must be ground properly. The grinding requirements of cutting and scraping tools are very different because of the wav they are used on the lathe. The bevel of a cutting tool must rub on the stock at all times to help control the cut. lf the angle is too sharp, the tool will be harder to control and the cutting edge will dull quickly. But if the bevel angle is too steep, you may have to hold the tool almost vertically and apply excessive pressure. Scrapers, on the other hand, shave away wood with a burr. The angles they require depend on the type of scraper you are using.Visit the Wood Turning pages for more wood turning info..
Not only bevel angle, but the shape of the tip-whether straight across, skewed at an angle, or curved-is important to consider when grinding your tools. A square-ground spindle gouge, with a tip ground perpendicular to the blade shaft, is best for turning cylinders, tapers, or other straight cuts. A fingernail-ground spindle gouge, with edge corners cut back, or relieved, will make a better tool for turning beads and coves. Skew chisels may be ground straight across or curved, depending on the use.
As you grind a bevel, it is critical to create a single-faceted bevel, that is, one with a continuous face. This can only be achieved by keeping the bevel perfectly flat on the wheel as you grind. The jig will help you with a troublesome tool, the roughing-out gouge. If you use a grinder, the bevel will have a shallow concave shape, matching the curve of the grinding wheel. Avoid using a wheel smaller than 5 inches in diameter; the degree of curvature will make for a weak tool tip. Grinding on a belt sander will-yield a flat bevel, which is equally effective.Visit the Woodworking Plans Website pages for more woodworking articles.
Have you ever run out of ideas for woodworking plans ?
Just check out the internet, there are free woodworking plans and patterns to satisfy all skill levels. Or you can select from 14000 woodworking plans, make woodworking easier and more fun !
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Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
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Home Page > Business > Industrial > Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
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Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
By: John Balentine
About the Author
Find Gap Electrodes and CNC Machine Shops at A-I-T.Com.
(ArticlesBase SC #2822069)
Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/ – Varieties in Lathe Turning Machines
Lathe turning is a process in which a block of raw material is cut, knurled and deformed into an object. Lathes are used in metal working, glass working and wood turning etc. Lathe turning creates an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation. It is also used to make pottery. The best and well known object made by lathe turning is potter’s wheel. Objects that can be formed on a lathe are candlestick holders, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, musical instruments and many more.
Lathe machines are available in various categories of which the most commonly used are as under:
Woodworking lathes
Woodworking lathe is a very unique tool to produce wooden objects as in woodworking lathe the piece of wood spins instead of the tools. These lathes are found in a variety of shapes and sizes but the most commonly used are either small table top lathes or very large free standing lathes that are fastened to the floor. There are two types of woodworking lathes available.
Spindle turning: it is often used to create elongated objects such as table legs. To start the process of converting a piece of wood into a finished object the raw material is fixed from both the ends. The first side is attached at the headstock of the lathe where rotating spindle is attached and the second side is attached to the tail stock. The rotating spindle is then turned on with a motor or foot pedal which starts the rotation.
Faceplate turning: This type of lathes are used to produce objects like wooden bowls etc. In such lathes the raw material i.e. the piece of wood is attached to one faceplate and then it is further fixed to the spindle of the headstock of the woodworking lathe.
Metalworking lathes
While wood cutting lathes are used to shape wood pieces into usable products (finished or semi finished), metalworking ones are used for shaping metal pieces into desired objects of a variety of shapes. Hardened tools are used to shape metal as it is much harder and difficult to cut, shape and mould. These hardened tools are attached to a solid mounting, which is movable; this is then rubbed against the piece one is working on to give its shape. Tools come in variety of shapes like diamond, round, square and triangular. Some lathes are also worked under computerized machines in order to do mass production. Manual metalworking lathes are used for finer pieces with more work and individual needs.
Glass working lathes
Glass working lathes are quite the same in their design but different in the way they work. They rotate the piece slowly while working on it and the temperature also has to be controlled by having a continuous flame under the piece. Flame is needed to soften the glass while it is being worked on. The glass piece is held firmly from both sides and rotated simultaneously; then once shaped is cooled or perform glass blowing by blowing air into it.
In a diamond turner a computer controlled machine is used but it has a diamond tip as only a diamond can cut another diamond to be able to shape it.
Initially the varieties were very few but with the help of latest technologies you have been given a wide range of such as: cue lathes, metal spinning lathes, ornamental turning lathes, reducing lathes, rotary lathes and watchmaker’s lathes. These varieties help us to produce different kinds of products easily and do not even consume much time.
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